Data Grid - Columns

This section goes in details on the aspects of the columns you need to know.

Column definitions

Grid columns are defined with the columns prop. columns expects an array of objects. The columns should have this type: GridColDef[].

field is the only required property since it's the column identifier. It's also used to match with GridRowData values.

interface GridColDef {
  /**
   * The column identifier. It's used to match with [[GridRowData]] values.
   */
  field: string;
  …
}

<DataGrid
  columns={[{ field: 'username' }, { field: 'age' }]}
  rows={[
    {
      id: 1,
      username: '@MaterialUI',
      age: 20,
    },
  ]}
/>

By default, columns are ordered according to the order they are included in the columns array.

⚠️ The columns prop should keep the same reference between two renders. The columns are designed to be definitions, to never change once the component is mounted. Otherwise, you take the risk of losing the column width state (if resized). You can create the array outside of the render function or memoize it.

Headers

You can configure the headers with:

• headerName: The title of the column rendered in the column header cell.
• description: The description of the column rendered as tooltip if the column header name is not fully displayed.

<DataGrid
  columns={[
    {
      field: 'username',
      headerName: 'Username',
      description:
        'The identification used by the person with access to the online service.',
    },
    { field: 'age', headerName: 'Age' },
  ]}
  rows={rows}
/>

Width

By default, the columns have a width of 100px. This is an arbitrary, easy-to-remember value. To change the width of a column, use the width property available in GridColDef.

<DataGrid
  columns={[{ field: 'username', width: 200 }, { field: 'age' }]}
  rows={rows}
/>

Minimum width

By default, the columns have a minimum width of 50px. This is an arbitrary, easy-to-remember value. To change the minimum width of a column, use the minWidth property available in GridColDef.

<DataGrid
  columns={[{ field: 'username', minWidth: 150 }, { field: 'age' }]}
  rows={rows}
/>

Fluid width

Column fluidity or responsiveness can be by achieved by setting the flex property in GridColDef.

The flex property accepts a value between 0 and ∞. It works by dividing the remaining space in the grid among all flex columns in proportion to their flex value.

For example, consider a grid with a total width of 500px that has three columns: the first with width: 200; the second with flex: 1; and third with flex: 0.5. The first column will be 200px wide, leaving 300px remaining. The column with flex: 1 is twice the size of flex: 0.5, which means that final sizes will be: 200px, 200px, 100px.

To set a minimum width for a flex column set the minWidth property in GridColDef.

Note

• flex doesn't work together with width. If you set both flex and width in GridColDef, flex will override width.
• flex doesn't work if the combined width of the columns that have width is more than the width of the grid itself. If that is the case a scroll bar will be visible, and the columns that have flex will default back to their base value of 100px.

Hiding

Set the column definition attribute hide to true to hide the column.

<DataGrid columns={[{ field: 'id', hide: true }]} />

Resizing

By default, DataGridPro allows all columns to be resized by dragging the right portion of the column separator.

To prevent the resizing of a column, set resizable: false in the GridColDef. Alternatively, to disable all columns resize, set the prop disableColumnResize={true}.

To restrict resizing a column under a certain width set the minWidth property in GridColDef.

<DataGridPro
  columns={[
    { field: 'id' },
    { field: 'username', minWidth: 150 },
    { field: 'age', resizable: false },
  ]}
  rows={rows}
/>

To capture changes in the width of a column there are two callbacks that are called:

• onColumnResize: Called while a column is being resized.
• onColumnWidthChange: Called after the width of a column is changed, but not during resizing.

Value getter

Sometimes a column might not have a corresponding value, or you might want to render a combination of different fields.

To achieve that, set the valueGetter attribute of GridColDef as in the example below.

Note: You need to set a sortComparator for the column sorting to work when setting the valueGetter attribute.

function getFullName(params) {
  return `${params.getValue(params.id, 'firstName') || ''} ${
    params.getValue(params.id, 'lastName') || ''
  }`;
}

const columns: GridColDef[] = [
  { field: 'firstName', headerName: 'First name', width: 130 },
  { field: 'lastName', headerName: 'Last name', width: 130 },
  {
    field: 'fullName',
    headerName: 'Full name',
    width: 160,
    valueGetter: getFullName,
    sortComparator: (v1, v2, cellParams1, cellParams2) =>
      getFullName(cellParams1).localeCompare(getFullName(cellParams2)),
  },
];

<DataGrid rows={rows} columns={columns} />

The value generated is used for filtering, sorting, rendering, etc unless overridden by a more specific configuration.

Value formatter

The value formatter allows you to convert the value before displaying it. Common use cases include converting a JavaScript Date object to a date string or a Number into a formatted number (e.g. "1,000.50").

In the following demo, a formatter is used to display the tax rate's decimal value (e.g. 0.2) as a percentage (e.g. 20%).

<DataGrid
  rows={rows}
  columns={[
    {
      type: 'number',
      field: 'taxRate',
      headerName: 'Tax Rate',
      width: 150,
      valueFormatter: (params) => {
        const valueFormatted = Number(params.value * 100).toLocaleString();
        return `${valueFormatted} %`;
      },
    },
  ]}
/>

The value generated is only used for rendering purposes. Filtering and sorting will not relay on the formatted value. Use the valueParser to support filtering.

Value parser

The value parser allows you to convert the user-entered value to another one used for filtering or editing. Common use cases include parsing date strings to JavaScript Date objects or formatted numbers (e.g. "1,000.50") into Number. It can be understood as the inverse of valueFormatter.

In the following demo, the tax rate is displayed as a percentage (e.g. 20%) but a decimal number is used as value (e.g. 0.2).

<DataGrid
  rows={rows}
  columns={[
    {
      type: 'number',
      field: 'taxRate',
      headerName: 'Tax Rate',
      width: 150,
      valueFormatter: (params) => {
        const valueFormatted = Number(params.value * 100).toLocaleString();
        return `${valueFormatted} %`;
      },
      valueParser: (value) => Number(value) / 100,
    },
  ]}
/>

Render cell

By default, the grid render the value as a string in the cell. It resolves the rendered output in the following order:

1. renderCell() => ReactElement
2. valueFormatter() => string
3. valueGetter() => string
4. row[field]

The renderCell method of the column definitions is similar to valueFormatter. However, it trades to be able to only render in a cell in exchange for allowing to return a React node (instead of a string).

const columns: GridColDef[] = [
  {
    field: 'date',
    headerName: 'Year',
    renderCell: (params: GridRenderCellParams) => (
      <strong>
        {(params.value as Date).getFullYear()}
        <Button
          variant="contained"
          color="primary"
          size="small"
          style={{ marginLeft: 16 }}
        >
          Open
        </Button>
      </strong>
    ),
  },
];

<DataGrid rows={rows} columns={columns} />

Note: It is recommended to also set a valueFormatter providing a representation for the value to be used when exporting the data.

Render edit cell

The renderCell render function allows customizing the rendered in "view mode" only. For the "edit mode", set the renderEditCell function to customize the edit component. Check the editing page for more details about editing.

Expand cell renderer

By default, the grid cuts the content of a cell and renders an ellipsis if the content of the cell does not fit in the cell. As a workaround, you can create a cell renderer that will allow seeing the full content of the cell in the grid.

<DataGrid rows={rows} columns={columns} />

Render header

You can customize the look of each header with the renderHeader method. It takes precedence over the headerName property.

const columns: GridColDef[] = [
  {
    field: 'date',
    width: 150,
    type: 'date',
    renderHeader: (params: GridColumnHeaderParams) => (
      <strong>
        {'Birthday '}
        <span role="img" aria-label="enjoy">
          🎂
        </span>
      </strong>
    ),
  },
];

<DataGrid rows={rows} columns={columns} />

Styling header

You can check the styling header section for more information.

Styling cells

You can check the styling cells section for more information.

Column types

To facilitate configuration of the columns, some column types are predefined. By default, columns are assumed to hold strings, so the default column string type will be applied. As a result, column sorting will use the string comparator, and the column content will be aligned to the left side of the cell.

The following are the native column types:

• 'string' (default)
• 'number'
• 'date'
• 'dateTime'
• 'boolean'
• 'singleSelect'

To apply a column type, you need to define the type property in your column definition. If the column is type: 'singleSelect' you also need to set the valueOptions property in that column definition.

Custom column types

You can extend the native column types with your own by simply spreading the necessary properties.

The demo below defines a new column type: usdPrice that extends the native number column type.

const usdPrice: GridColTypeDef = {
  type: 'number',
  width: 130,
  valueFormatter: ({ value }) => valueFormatter.format(Number(value)),
  cellClassName: 'font-tabular-nums',
};

<DataGrid
  columns={[
    { field: 'status', width: 130 },
    { field: 'subTotal', ...usdPrice },
    { field: 'total', ...usdPrice },
  ]}
  rows={rows}
/>

Column menu

By default, each column header displays a column menu. The column menu allows actions to be performed in the context of the target column, e.g. filtering. To disable the column menu, set the prop disableColumnMenu={true}.

<DataGrid {...data} disableColumnMenu />

Column selector

To enable the the toolbar you need to add Toolbar: GridToolbar to the grid components prop.

In addition, the column selector can be shown by using the "Show columns" menu item in the column menu.

The user can choose which columns are visible using the column selector from the toolbar.

To disable the column selector, set the prop disableColumnSelector={true}.

<DataGrid
  {...data}
  components={{
    Toolbar: GridToolbar,
  }}
/>

Column reorder

By default, DataGridPro allows all column reordering by dragging the header cells and moving them left or right.

<DataGridPro {...data} />

To disable reordering on all columns, set the prop disableColumnReorder={true}.

To disable reordering in a specific column, set the disableReorder property to true in the GridColDef of the respective column.

<DataGridPro
  columns={[
    { field: 'id' },
    { field: 'username' },
    { field: 'age', disableReorder: true },
  ]}
  rows={rows}
/>

In addition, column reordering emits the following events that can be imported:

• columnHeaderDragStart: emitted when dragging of a header cell starts.
• columnHeaderDragEnter: emitted when the cursor enters another header cell while dragging.
• columnHeaderDragOver: emitted when dragging a header cell over another header cell.
• columnHeaderDragEnd: emitted when dragging of a header cell stops.

🚧 Column groups

⚠️ This feature isn't implemented yet. It's coming.

👍 Upvote issue #195 if you want to see it land faster.

Grouping columns allows you to have multiple levels of columns in your header and the ability, if needed, to 'open and close' column groups to show and hide additional columns.

🚧 Column pinning

⚠️ This feature isn't implemented yet. It's coming.

👍 Upvote issue #193 if you want to see it land faster.

Sticky (or frozen, locked, or pinned) columns are columns that are visible at all times while the user scrolls the grid horizontally.

🚧 Column spanning

⚠️ This feature isn't implemented yet. It's coming.

👍 Upvote issue #192 if you want to see it land faster.

Each cell takes up the width of one column. Column spanning allows to change this default behavior. It allows cells to span multiple columns. This is very close to the "column spanning" in an HTML <table>.

API

• DataGrid
• DataGridPro